Flow speed
A wine will circulate through a hose in a laminar or turbulent regime, depending on the pumping flow and the section of the hose.
A turbulent flow (velocity> 1.5 m/s) causes greater dissolution of oxygen during pumping, implying: loss of fruit, combination of sulfur, greater sensitivity to oxidation and loss of CO2 .
We recommend that you adapt the pump flow and the hose section to obtain a laminar flow, that is to say circulation speed < 1.5 m/s.